Furnace for burning garbage



3 Sheets Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

G. H. WARNER. FURNAGE POB. BURNING GARBAGE, G0.

Patented Feb. 16,1892.

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(No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G. H. WARNER. FUGNAGG POR BURNING GARBAGE, G0.

Patentedgf'eb. 16,1892.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. I-I. WARNER. FURNAGE FOR BURNING GARBAGE, dan.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE H. lVARNER, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

FURNACE FOR BURNING GARBAGE, 84C.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 468,852, dated February16, 1892. Application tiled May 21, 1891. Serial No. 393,658. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE 1v1. WARNER, of Hartford, Connecticut, haveinvented a new and useful Furnace for Burning Garbage and other lVet andOffensive Substances, of which the following description and claimsconstitute the specification, and which is illustrated bytheaccompanying three sheets of drawings.

This furnace is suitable for use in so volatilizing and burning garbage,night-soil, and other wet and offensive substances as to cause thosesubstances themselves to furnish fuel for their own evaporation andcombustion, and as to make that combustion so complete that no offensiveodors orinjurious gases can escape from the furnace.

Figure l of the drawings is a longitudinal elevation of the furnace.Fig. 2 is a central perpendicular longitudinal section, and Fig. 3 is aView of the left-hand end of the furnace. Fig. 4 is a vertical sectionon the vertical parts of the dot-and-dash line d d of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 isa vertical section on the dot-and-dash line b b of Fig. 2.

The brick-work, which composes the body of the furnace, is indicated bythe numeral 1, and is exteriorly stayed and strengthened with iron barsand bolts, as shown in the drawings. The oven 2 is constructed offirebrick and constitutes the upper part of the interior of the furnace.Its floor may also be made of tire-brick, with or without openingstherethrough 3 but the drawings represent that part of the oven asconsisting of pieces of railroad-rails extending crosswise of thefurnace and parallel to each other and bottom side up and separated farenough from each other to constitute the grate, which is indicated bythe numeral 3. The fire-place 4 is located at the front end of the ovenand the iire-place 5 is located at the rear end of the oven, and thegrates of these two fire-places are on a level with the grate 3 and areseparated therefrom by the bridge-walls 6 and 7, respectively. Theash-pits S and 9 are located under the fireplaces 4 and 5,respectively.` The double doors 10 and 11 give access to the fire-places4 and 5, and the similar doors 12 and 13 give access to the ash-pits 8and 9, respectively. The downward i'lue 14 is connected at its upper endwith the nre-place 4 and is connected below the ash-pit S with thehorizontal flue 15, and is connected at its lower end with thehorizontal flue 16. The horizontal flue 15 eX- tends lengthwise of thefurnace under the ash-pits'S and 9 from the downward ilue 14 to thechimney 17, and is provided with the transverse vertical deflecting-wall18 between those ash-pits. The horizon tal flue 16 extends from thedownward flue 14 to the chimney 17 under the horizontal iiue 15. Theshort horizontal liue 19 extends from the tire-place 5 into the chimney17 and is provided with the slidevalve 20. The slide-valves 21 and 22are placed in the ends of the horizontal iiue 15 adjacent to thedownward flue 14 and the chimney 17,'respectively, while the valve 23 isplaced in the end of the horizontal Vflue 16 adjacent to the chimney 17.The door 24- and the other five round doors of the same horizontalseries open into the front side of the oven 2, while the door 25 and thefour other doors of the same horizontal series open into the front sideof the horizontal iiue 15. The doors 26, 27, and 2S open into thedownward tlue 14 opposite to the three connections of that flue with thei11- terior of that furnace, as shown in Fig. 2, while the doors 29 and30 open into thechimney 17 opposite to the ends of the horizontal flues15 and 16, respectively. The covers 31, 32, and 33 inclose verticalopenings through the top of the furnace into the oven 2. The horizontaldash-and-dot line c c indicates the plane of the surface of the groundupon which the furnace is erected.

The mode of operation is as follows: The covers 31, 32, and are lifted,and garbage, night-soil, dead animals, and other wet and offensivesubstances and bodies are dumped through the vertical openings underthose covers upon the grate 3, so as to deeply cover that grate with apile of matter to be destroyed. The valves 2O and 23 are closed and thevalves 21 and 22 are opened, and fires are made on the tire-places 4 and5. Thereupon the flames from the tire-place 5 pass over the wet andoffensive substances in the oven 2 and dry and ignite those substances.The

steam and the gases and other products which result therefrom arecarried with the flames from the fire-place 5 into and through theflames on the fire-place 4, and inthe mingled flames from the twofire-places all the com- ICO bustible gases and matter which were notentirely consumed in the oven are burned up. The mingled flames from thetwo fireplaces pass from above the fire-place 4 into the downward flue14, and thence into the flue 15, and then through that flue under theash-pit S over the deflecting-wall 1S and under the ashpit 9 into thechimney 17. In the course of this passage much of the heat from thestream of flames passes upward through the grate 3 into the mass ofmatter above the grate, so as to heat that matter from below and thusco-operate with the flames above itin volatilizing its liquidconstituents and in vconsuming its solid contents. Thus the operationcontinues until some portion of the grate 3 is uncovered by the burningup and consequent removal of the substances upon that portion.

When this occurs, if no change is made in the positions of the valvesthe fire from the fire-place 5 will pass downward through the openingsin the uncovered portion of the grate 3 into the flue 15, and thenceinto the chimney 17 without carrying the products of the combustion inthe oven 2 through the fire on the fire-place 4. This is a result to beavoided, because when the furnace operates in that way some of the gasesand some of the smoke which would otherwise be all consumed' in thefurnace will pass upward through the chimneyT 17 into theexternal air,and this result can be avoided by closing the valves 21 and 22 andopening the valve 20, or by shutting the valves 21 and 22 and openingthe valve 23. In the first of these cases the flames from the fire-place4 will immediately pass over the unconsuined substances remaining on thegrate 3 and into the flames on the fire-place 5. Those flames now becomethe secondary or smoke and gas consuming fire, which burns up theproducts of the combustion carried on in the oven 2 by the flames fromthe fire-place 4, because the draft is now into the chimney through theflue 19 instead of, as before, through the flue 15. In the second of theabove-described ways of shifting the positions of the valves, after aportion of the grate 3 is uncovered, the mingled flames from thefire-places 4 and 5 pass into the downward flue 14, as before; butinstead of passing through the horizontal flue 15 they pass through thelower horizontal flue 16 into the chimney 17, and thus take the third ofthe three courses through which the stream of flame may pass from thefire-places to the chimney. The first of those courses is the oneparticularly shown in'Fig. 2, and it is preferable to either of theothers whenever there is no opening for the passage of flames throughthe grate 3, because it accomplishes all the results accomplished byeither of the other courses, and in addition thereto throws a largeramount of heat upward through the grate 3 vinto the mass of matter aboveit; but whenever any portion of the grate becomes uncovered it isnecessary to shift the direction of the flames either into the secondcourse or the third its heat upward through the floor of the flue i 15,where it aids to evaporate whateverwater that floor may have received bydripping through the grate from the garbage or other matter above it,and if there is no water to be thus evaporated the heat passing upwardthrough the floor of the flue 15 will pass still farther upward andthrough the grate 3. Vhile the stream of flame is passing through thefine 15 it evaporates whatever 'water is received from above by theconcave floor of that flue. The result of the mode of operation setforth in this paragraph is to thoroughly burn up all the garbage,night-soil, dead animals, and other wet and offensive substances andbodies upon the grate 3 without emitting from the furnace any offensiveodors or injurious gases, and leaving on the grate 3 or on the floorbelow it nothing but non-combustible ashes.

VThe strength of' the draft of the furnace depends, of course, upon theheight of the flue through the chimney 17, and that'cliimney may becarried as far upward as is desired for that purpose, Aor it mayterminate at such an elevation as is shown in the drawings, oi' it maybe surmounted by a smoke-stack of greater oi' less elevation, accordingto the circumstances of particular cases.

The flue 15 may be omitted from this furnace without extensivelydiminishing its utility, and in that case the stream of flame will beguided into the first or into the second of the above-described courses,according to the particular conditions of the burning at differenttimes; or the flue 19 maybe omitted from the furnace, while the flue 16is retained, and in that case the stream of flames will be guided intothe first or into the third of' the above-described courses at dierenttimes, but never into the second. So, also, the fliies 16 and 19 mayboth be omitted, and the flames will be compelled to take only the rstof the above-described courses, which is that shown in Fig. 2; but inthis case the furnace will not always consume all of the smoke and gaseswhich it produces unless a closed floor is substituted for the grate 3,so as to positively prevent any draft through the bottom of the oven 2.Such a closed floor may be substituted with good results, especiallywhen the matter to be burned is comparatively dry, and it may also besubstituted even when that matter is loaded with considerable water ifthe bridge-walls 6 and 7 are made high enough and tight enough toprevent that water from running into the fireplaces 4 and 5. Thebridge-walls 6' and 7 may sometimes be reduced nearly or quite to thelevel of the grate 3, in order to facilitate the occasional stoking ofdried and partly-burned garbage upon that grate over upon the adjacentbor- IOO IIO

ders of the tire in the fire-places 4 and 5, as

upon the tire-places should be done only with goodjudgment taught byexperience, because otherwise it may diminish the efficiency of thefurnace.

The downward flue 14, which draws the llames from the re-place 5entirely across the fire-place 4 and through the flames thereon andcarries those mingled flames around and under the tire-place4, is theprincipal distinguishing characteristic of this invention, and asomewhat extensive experience in building various forms ofgarbage-furnaces, including several like that shown in the drawings,proves that characteristic to be one of marked materiality in value.This merit resides in the fact that the gases and other products of thecombustion caused in the oven 2by the flames from the lire-place 5 areall carried positively and inevitably through the flames on thetire-place 4 and in the fact that those mingled ilames from the twonre-places are carried under the entire length of the grate 3, so as tocontribute the largest practicable amount of their heat to the drying ofthe substances and bodies upon that grate; The bridge-.wall 18 alsocontributes to this latter ifesult by delecting upward the llames in theSeveral garbage-furnaces nearly or quite` 1. The combination of the oven2 with the fire-places 4 and 5 at opposite ends thereof, and with thegrate 3 or other Hoor of the oven between them, and with the downwardflue 14 and the horizontal ue 15, giving an outlet to the flames fromthe nre-places and the oven around and under the fire-place 4, thenceunder the floor of the oven, and thence under the tire-place 5 into thechimney 17, all substantially as described.

2. The combination of the oven 2 with the fire-places 4 and 5 atopposite ends thereof, and with the grate 3 or other iioor of the ovenbetween them, and with the downward ilue 14 and the horizontal flue 15,giving an ontlet to the flames from the nre-places and the oven aroundand under the fire-place 4, and thence under the floor of the oven, andthence under the fire-place' into the chimney 17, and with the flue 19,adapted to give another outlet to the flames from the tire-places andthe oven, and with one or more Valves in each of those outlets andadapted to open and close them, respectively, substantially asdescribed.

3. The combination of the oven 2 with the fire-places 4 and 5 atopposite ends thereof, and with the grate 3 or other floor of the ovenbetween them, and with the downward iiue 14, giving an outlet to theflames from the fireplaces and the oven around the fire-place 4, andwith the fines 15 and 16, provided with valves and adapted toalternately give an outlet frointhe downward flue 14 into the chimney17, all substantially as described.

GEORGE Il. W'ARNER.

Vitnesses:

ALBERT H. WALKER, ESTHER S. WALKEn.

